Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy in dogs: Technique description and feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a minimally invasive approach to the parathyroid gland for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. STUDY DESIGN: Surgical technique description and clinical case report. ANIMALS: Five canine cadavers and 5 client-owned dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: A surgical technique for minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP), described for humans, was adapted for dogs. With the dog in dorsal recumbency, a 15 mm incision was made on the midline, 1 finger width caudal to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx. A 5 mm 30° rigid endoscope was inserted into the peritracheal space with the aid of a blunt suction dissector, and fine elevators. The parathyroid was subsequently removed using electrocautery and blunt and sharp dissection. The technique was refined in 5 cadaver dogs to assess feasibility, and was subsequently performed in 5 clinical cases. RESULTS: A minimally invasive approach to the parathyroid gland was possible and allowed successful removal of a parathyroid mass in 5 dogs without complication. The use of fluid ingress was trialed in 1 cadaver and not found to be helpful. The use of a blunt suction dissector greatly facilitated dissection of the peritracheal space. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy is feasible in dogs and was not associated with complications in 5 clinical cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Minimally invasive techniques tend to reduce morbidity and are popular with pet owners. This study demonstrates that a minimally invasive technique may be considered for parathyroidectomy in dogs.

Anatomical description of the extratemporal facial nerve under high-definition system: a microsurgical study in rats

Purpose: To describe the microsurgical anatomical aspects of the extratemporal facial nerve of Wistar rats under a high-definition video system. Methods: Ten male Wistar rats (12­15 weeks old), without veterinary diseases, weighing 220­280 g, were used in this study. All animals in this study were submitted to the same protocol and by the same surgeon. A 10-mm incision was made below the bony prominence of the right or left ear, and extended towards the angle of the mandible. The dissection was performed and the main branches of the facial nerve were dissected. Results: The main trunk of the facial nerve has a length of 0.88 ± 0.10 mm and a length of 3.81 ± 1.03 mm, measured from its emergence from the stylomastoid foramen to its bifurcation. Seven branches originating from the facial nerve were identified: posterior auricular, posterior cervical, cervical, mandibular, buccal, temporal, and zygomatic. Conclusions: The anatomy of the facial nerve is comparable to that of humans, with some variations. The most observed anatomical division was the distribution in posterior auricular, posterior cervical, cervical, mandibular, buccal, temporal, and zygomatic branches. There is no statistical difference between the thickness and distance of the structures compared to the contralateral side.

Intraoperative fluid therapy for video-assisted ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative fluids are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine. In humans the dosage is associated with significant differences in postoperative outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three different fluid therapy rates in dogs undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. METHODS: Twenty-four female dogs were distributed into three groups: G5, G10, and G20. Each group was given 5, 10, and 20 mL·kg-1·h-1 of Lactate Ringer, respectively. This study evaluated the following parameters: central venous pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, acid-base balance, and serum lactate levels. Additionally, this study evaluated the following urinary variables: urea, creatinine, protein to creatinine ratio, urine output, and urine specific gravity. The dogs were evaluated up to 26 h after the procedure. RESULTS: All animals presented respiratory acidosis during the intraoperative period. The G5 group evidenced intraoperative oliguria (0.80 ± 0.38 mL·kg-1·h-1), differing from the G20 group (2.17 ± 0.52 mL·kg-1·h-1) (p = 0.001). Serum lactate was different between groups during extubation (p = 0.036), with higher values being recorded in the G5 group (2.19 ± 1.65 mmol/L). Animals from the G20 group presented more severe hypothermia at the end of the procedure (35.93 ± 0.61°C) (p = 0.032). Only the members of the G20 group presented mean potassium values below the reference for the species. Anion gap values were lower in the G20 group when compared to the G5 and G10 groups (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The use of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 10 mL·kg-1·h-1 seems to be beneficial in the elective laparoscopic procedures over the 5 or 20 mL·kg-1·h-1 rates of infusion.

Two-portal video-assisted colopexy in the treatment of intussusception and prolapse of the descending colon in a lamb.

A lamb presented with recurrent prolapse of the descending colon. On clinical examination, intussusception of the descending colon with the prolapse of a segment was verified. The external anal sphincter had a rupture, extending to the lacerated wound in the anus. The lamb underwent colopexy with the two-portal video-assisted incisional technique and was discharged 6 days after the surgical procedure with a satisfactory clinical outcome. There were no recurrences or complications for at least 9 months. Video-assisted colopexy is an alternative treatment for intussusception and recurrent colon prolapse in sheep, even in the presence of an external anal sphincter rupture.

Uso de cânula rígida com rosca e endoscópio flexível para videolaparoscopia de acesso único em equinos em estação / Use of threaded rigid cannula and flexible endoscope for single access video laparoscopy in standing horses

Com o objetivo de promover, por meio de acesso único e com o uso de endoscópio flexível, ampla exploração da cavidade peritoneal de equinos em estação, foi concebida uma cânula laparoscópica para dar sustentação ao endoscópio e possibilitar o acesso sob visualização. O procedimento foi realizado a partir da fossa paralombar. Após pequena incisão cutânea, o endoscópio foi inserido na cânula e os músculos e o peritônio foram divulsionados mediante rotação da cânula. Logo depois da perfuração do peritônio, foi realizada a exploração da cavidade e a identificação das estruturas. Em seguida à exploração do lado ipsilateral ao acesso, realizou-se a transposição do conjunto cânula/endoscópio ventralmente à porção caudal do cólon descendente, seguida de exploração do lado contralateral. Concluída a técnica, foi executado, para fins de comparação, o mesmo procedimento por meio da fossa paralombar contralateral. Foi possível a transposição do conjunto cânula/endoscópio para o lado contralateral ao acesso em todos os procedimentos. Também foi possível a identificação da maioria das estruturas abdominais tanto pelo acesso esquerdo quanto pelo direito. A abordagem por acesso único mostrou-se viável para a exploração ampla da cavidade peritoneal, demonstrando ser uma alternativa à técnica laparoscópica convencional.(AU)

A laparoscopic cannula was designed to support a single access approach with a flexible endoscope for the wide exploration of the peritoneal cavity of standing horses. It provides support to the endoscope and allows access to the peritoneal cavity with a visual aid. This procedure was performed through the paralumbar fossa. After a small cutaneous incision, the endoscope was inserted into the cannula, and the muscles and peritoneum were divulsed through the rotation of the cannula. After the peritoneal perforation, cavity exploration and identification of structures were performed. After the exploration of the ipsilateral side of the access, the cannula/endoscope was transposed ventrally to the caudal portion of the descending colon; this was followed by the exploration of the contralateral side. Once this process was completed, the same procedure was performed through the contralateral paralumbar fossa for comparison. It was possible to transpose the cannula/endoscope set to the contralateral access side in all procedures. Further, it was possible to identify most of the abdominal structures in both the left and right access. This single access approach proved to be feasible for the extensive exploration of the peritoneal cavity, thereby indicating it can be an alternative to the conventional laparoscopic technique.(AU)

Validation of a 2-mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique, experience, and limitations of using a 2-mm flexible endoscope to perform standing minimally invasive sinoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: In phases 1 and 2, we used cadaveric heads (ex vivo). In phase 3, we used unaffected horses (in vivo). ANIMALS: Five cadaveric equine skulls in phase 1 and 10 cadaveric equine skulls in phase 2. Six horses older than 5 years in phase 3. METHODS: In phase 1, the specimens were used to determine the suitability of the endoscope for sinoscopy and the ideal landmarks to approach the paranasal sinuses through minisinusotomies performed with a 14 gauge needle. In phase 2, a nonblinded evaluation of the visualization of the different sinus compartments was performed, and a score was attributed to each structure. Procedures were video recorded and compared with direct visualization of the sinuses after performing frontal and maxillary flaps. In phase 3, the technique was validated in healthy horses under sedation. RESULTS: The landmarks determined in phase 1 allowed a thorough exploration of the sinuses in phases 2 and 3. Sinoscopy findings were confirmed after direct visualization of the sinuses via frontal and maxillary bone flaps in phase 2. The procedure was well tolerated by all horses. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive sinoscopy was readily performed without relevant complications in standing horses. A thorough evaluation of most sinus structures was obtained only using the frontal and the rostral maxillary portals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Minimally invasive sinoscopy offers an alternative diagnostic tool to veterinarians. A specialized endoscope and appropriate training are required to perform this minimally invasive procedure.

Transrectal guidance of the ovaries reduces operative time during bovine laparoscopic ovariectomy.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of transrectal guidance of the ovaries by an assistant on operative time during bovine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Twenty four clinically healthy Holstein dairy cows were divided randomly into two groups. In the transrectal guidance group, an assistant grasped the ovaries via the transrectal route and pulled them to a position where they could be visualized with a camera. On the other hand, the control group was operated without guidance. The time required to remove both ovaries in the guidance group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.01). We concluded that laparoscopic ovariectomy with transrectal guidance of the ovaries can substantially shorten operative time, thereby greatly contributing to animal welfare and to reducing the burden on the operator.

Inseminação em ovelhas por videolaparoscopia por meio de acesso único: relato de caso / Videolaparoscopic insemination in sheeps: case report

A inseminação artificial (IA) proporciona melhoramento genético, intensifica o manejo animal e possibilita a utilização de sêmen de reprodutores que se encontram em diferentes regiões do país, bem como de animais de alto valor zootécnico que já morreram ou de machos que possuem subfertilidade. Por peculiaridades anatômicas das ovelhas, a inseminação artificial intrauterina transcervical é dificultosa. Dessa forma, bons resultados na IA são alcançados quando há deposição do sêmen diretamente dentro do útero, realizada por meio de laparoscopia. Atualmente, diversas técnicas laparoscópicas são utilizadas para inseminação; os métodos rotineiramente empregados são realizados através de dois ou três portais de acesso. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade de uma nova técnica de inseminação videolaparoscópica intrauterina em ovelhas, com o uso de um acesso único, visando a um procedimento mais eficaz, mais rápido, com menor trauma tecidual e com menor contaminação bacteriana, a fim de minimizar o desconforto pós-operatório. A média do tempo cirúrgico foi de 5,92 minutos. Não foram encontradas dificuldades para realização dos procedimentos, e os animais recuperaram-se sem nenhuma complicação. A utilização de um único acesso mostrou-se eficaz, pois reduziu o tempo cirúrgico e não apresentou complicações.(AU)

Artificial Insemination (AI) provides genetic gain, enhances animal management and enables the use of semen from rams that are in different regions of the country, high-value livestock animals that have died or males who have subfertility. Because of anatomical peculiarities of sheep, transcervical intrauterine insemination is troublesome, thus good results in IA are achieved when there is deposition of semen directly into the uterus, performed by laparoscopy. Currently, various techniques are used for laparoscopic insemination, those routinely employed are conducted using two or three access portals. This study aims to verify the feasibility of a new laparoscopic intrauterine insemination in sheep using a single access, aiming at a more effective and faster procedure with less tissue trauma, minimizing post-operative discomfort and lower bacterial contamination. The mean operative time was 5,92 minutes, there were no difficulties in the procedures and the animals recovered without complications. The use of a single access was effective, reducing the time of the surgery and complications weren't observed.(AU)

Video-assisted microwave ablation for the treatment of a metastatic lung lesion in a dog with appendicular osteosarcoma and hypertrophic osteopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe video-assisted microwave ablation (VAMA) for the treatment of a metastatic lung lesion secondary to right forelimb osteosarcoma in a dog. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS: A 10-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog with a metastatic lung lesion secondary to appendicular osteosarcoma. METHODS: An osteosarcoma of the right distal scapula and proximal humerus that was suspected to be a radiation-induced osteosarcoma was treated with limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy. The patient developed pulmonary metastatic lesions and hypertrophic osteopathy (HO). VAMA of a metastatic lesion in the right caudal lung lobe was performed 227 days after amputation. The procedure was performed without complication. RESULTS: Follow-up information with the referring veterinarian 40 days after VAMA indicated that the patient was stable and that the clinical signs of HO had resolved. Thoracic radiographs taken by the referring veterinarian (RDVM) at monthly intervals showed that the previously treated metastatic lesion was stable. At 134 days from VAMA, the patient presented to the RDVM for lethargy and dyspnea and was transferred to an emergency clinic. The patient arrested and died 136 days from the VAMA procedure while hospitalized. A postmortem was not performed. CONCLUSION: VAMA for pulmonary metastatic lesions is technically feasible and allows for the treatment of symptoms associated with HO and minimally invasive management of pulmonary metastases in the case reported.

Herniorrafia diafragmática videoassistida em gato: relato de caso / Videoassisted diaphragmatic hernia repair in a cat: case report

Relata-se um caso de um felino com sinais de dificuldade respiratória havia cerca de 30 dias e emagrecimento progressivo. Ao exame radiográfico torácico e de abdômen, ficou evidenciada perda de definição da linha diafragmática, sendo compatível com hérnia diafragmática. Na laparoscopia, foi observado grande defeito diafragmático, além de estruturas herniadas. Em razão de as vísceras abdominais direcionarem-se ao tórax, dificultando a oclusão do defeito com suturas intracorpóreas, optou-se pela realização de incisão paracostal, procedendo-se à herniorrafia por celiotomia reduzida. A videolaparoscopia permitiu localizar o local herniado e promover a redução dos órgãos envolvidos com mínimo trauma operatório. Logo, mostrou-se como eficaz ferramenta diagnóstica e auxiliar no tratamento de hérnias diafragmáticas crônicas de grande dimensão em gato.(AU)

This is a case report of a cat with signs of respiratory distress for about 30 days and progressive weight loss. The thoracic radiograph and abdomen examination evidencing loss of definition of the diaphragmatic line is compatible with diaphragmatic hernia. In laparoscopy, a large diaphragmatic defect and herniated structures were observed. Since abdominal viscera point towards the chest making occlusion of defective intracorporeal sutures difficult, paracostal incision proceeding to hernia repair by short celiotomy was chosen. Laparoscopy allows for location of herniated place and promotes the reduction of organs involved with minimal surgical trauma. Therefore, it was shown to be an effective diagnostic tool and an aid in the treatment of chronic diaphragmatic hernias of large size in a cat.(AU)

High-Definition Video Telescope-Assisted Ventral Slot Decompression Surgery for Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation in 30 Dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of a video telescope operating monitor (VITOM™) for ventral slot decompression and to report its clinical applications using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) myelography. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: Consecutive dogs presented with cervical intervertebral disc disease requiring surgical decompression (n = 30). METHODS: Demographic data, preoperative neurological status, localization and lateralization of the compression, total operative time, surgical complications, ventral slot size and orientation, hospitalization time, and postoperative outcome were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative spinal cord area at the compression site and ratios of compressed to normal spinal cord area were calculated by CT myelography. RESULTS: French Bulldogs were the most common breed of dogs (n = 15; 50%) and neck pain was the most common neurological sign (n = 18; 60%). Postoperative CT myelography confirmed that spinal cord decompression, postoperative spinal cord area, and the ratios of compressed to normal spinal cord area improved significantly compared with preoperative measurements (P = .01). Sinus bleeding occurred in 20% of dogs. The mean ratios (± SD) of ventral slot length and width compared with vertebral body length and width were 0.21 ± 0.08 and 0.31 ± 0.07, respectively. The mean postoperative hospitalization time was 3.0 ± 0.6 days and all dogs showed clinical improvement and an excellent outcome. CONCLUSION: The VITOM™ ventral slot decompression technique was fast and easy to perform. It allowed a minimally invasive approach with a small ventral slot while improving spinal cord visualization. The results of this study support the use of the VITOM™ technique in spinal veterinary surgery.

Biomarcadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo em cadelas submetidas à ovário-histerectomia videoassistida ou convencional / Inflammation and oxidative stress indicators in bitches submitted to laparoscopic-assisted or conventional ovariohysterectomy

A videocirurgia é atualmente uma das principais ferramentas operatórias, com vantagens que incluem menor estresse, incisões e dor pós-operatória quando comparada aos procedimentos abertos. Objetivou-se comparar o processo inflamatório e o estresse oxidativo resultantes das técnicas de ovário-histerectomia (OVH) convencional e videoassistida, com dois portais em cadelas, por meio de hemograma, avaliação de acetilcolinesterase, butirilcolinesterase, catalase e malondialdeído séricos, imediatamente antes da operação e duas, seis, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia. Observou-se menor estresse cirúrgico nas pacientes operadas pela técnica videoassistida, e sugere-se que a técnica convencional possa implicar peroxidação lipídica, mesmo com o uso de anti-inflamatório.(AU)

Videosurgery is currently a very important surgical tool with several benefits over the open surgery, including less surgical stress, shorter incisions and less postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the inflammatory process and oxidative stress between conventional and two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohisterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Complete blood counting, serum acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, catalase and malondialdehyde were assessed on the baseline and at two, six, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. The patients submitted to the videoassisted technique presented lower inflammatory response. There are suggestions that the conventional technique promotes lipid peroxidation, even with the use of anti-inflammatories.(AU)

Video-assisted ovariohysterectomy in domestic cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) using two access portals.

PURPOSE: To describe video-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OHE) with two portals access in adult intact queens. METHODS Fifty-two females cats were used. A 4 mm cannula was positioned in the abdomen through an incision close to the umbilicus (first portal), and a pneumoperitoneum was established. A second portal was positioned in the midline of the pre-pubic region. Females were positioned in right lateral recumbency to locate the left ovarian pedicle, and the uterine horn was held by a transcutaneous suture. The pedicle was cauterized and incised. The procedure was then performed on the contralateral ovary. The ovaries were exteriorized from the abdomen, along with the uterus, through the second access point. The uterine body was exposed, fixed and sectioned, and the abdominal incisions were sutured. RESULTS Surgeries were performed in an average of 41.4±14.2 minutes. The main complications included hypotension (7.7%) and subcutaneous emphysema (7.7%), and 13.5% of the surgeries were converted to laparotomy. CONCLUSION Ovariohysterectomy using a video-assisted technique and two access portals is safe, has minimal risks and is effective for the spaying of queens.

Meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia videoassistida em cadelas / Meloxican with or without tramadol for control of pain undergoing laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in bitches

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia (OVH) laparoscópica com dois portais. Foram selecionadas 14 cadelas hígidas. Os animais foram separados de forma aleatória, em dois grupos. O grupo M (GM) recebeu meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.), enquanto os animais do grupo MT (GMT) receberam a associação de meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.) e tramadol (4mg kg-1, t.i.d.), ambos durante dois dias de pós-operatório. Para avaliação da dor pós-cirúrgica, foram utilizadas as escalas de Melbourne e escala visual analógica (EVA), além de mensurações de glicemia e cortisol sérico. Não houve diferença ao se avaliarem os grupos GM e GMT pela escala de Melbourne nem pela EVA. As mensurações de cortisol não atingiram valores superiores aos de referência para a espécie, enquanto os valores de glicemia não apresentaram variação significativa ao longo do tempo de avaliação nem entre grupos. Com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, nas doses e posologias propostas, é eficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à OVH laparoscópica com dois portais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of meloxicam with or without tramadol for pain control after laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH) by two-portal access. Were selected 14 healthy dogs to perform video-assisted OVHs. The animals were divided randomly into two groups (GM and GMT). The GM group received meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d), whereas the GMT group received the combination of meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d) and tramadol (4mg kg-1, tid), both for two days after surgery. To evaluate the post-surgical pain Melbourne and EVA scales were used, and blood glucose and serum cortisol were measured. There was no statistical difference when evaluating GM and GMT groups and the Melbourne scale or the visual analogue scale VAS. Cortisol measurements did not reach values higher than the reference for the species, while blood glucose levels did not present significant statistical variation throughout the evaluation time or between groups. With these results, we concluded that the use of meloxicam with or without the tramadol at the doses and dosage schedules proposed, is effective to control postoperative pain in bitches that had undergone video-assisted OVH with two-portal access.

Video-assisted ovariohysterectomy in domestic cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) using two access portals

PURPOSE : To describe video-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OHE) with two portals access in adult intact queens. METHODS Fifty-two females cats were used. A 4 mm cannula was positioned in the abdomen through an incision close to the umbilicus (first portal), and a pneumoperitoneum was established. A second portal was positioned in the midline of the pre-pubic region. Females were positioned in right lateral recumbency to locate the left ovarian pedicle, and the uterine horn was held by a transcutaneous suture. The pedicle was cauterized and incised. The procedure was then performed on the contralateral ovary. The ovaries were exteriorized from the abdomen, along with the uterus, through the second access point. The uterine body was exposed, fixed and sectioned, and the abdominal incisions were sutured. RESULTS Surgeries were performed in an average of 41.4±14.2 minutes. The main complications included hypotension (7.7%) and subcutaneous emphysema (7.7%), and 13.5% of the surgeries were converted to laparotomy. CONCLUSION Ovariohysterectomy using a video-assisted technique and two access portals is safe, has minimal risks and is effective for the spaying of queens.

ADAPT(tm) trocar use for laparoscopic procedures in equidea / Utilização do trocater AdaptTM para procedimentos laparoscópicos em equídeos

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o uso do trocater modelo Adapt(tm) no acesso laparoscópico em animais da família dos equídeos. O procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado em 15 equídeos (quatro jumentas, seis cavalos e cinco éguas), com peso médio de 320kg (290kg e 450kg, pesos máximo e mínimo, respectivamente). Os pacientes foram mantidos em posição quadrupedal, sob sedação e bloqueio local. Primeiramente, realizou-se o preparo asséptico, e o acesso foi feito pelo flanco direito ou pelo esquerdo, dependendo da estrutura a ser visualizada. Em todos os procedimentos, foi utilizado o trocater modelo Seal AdaptTM Ports (Teleflex Medical Introduces TautTM, USA), com diâmetro de 12mm. Inicialmente se fez uma incisão de pele de aproximadamente 15mm para inserção da ponta do trocater. Este foi inserido na ferida cirúrgica, realizando-se movimentos de 180º em sentido horário e anti-horário, até atingir a cavidade abdominal. Após esta etapa, o obturador do trocater foi retirado, e a ótica inserida para confirmar o acesso à cavidade abdominal. A síntese das camadas superficiais da muscular foi realizada com fio nylon nº 0, em um padrão Sultan, e posteriormente a dermorrafia, também com nylon nº 0, no padrão de Wolf. O equipamento apresentou eficiência nos procedimentos de dissecação das camadas subcutânea, musculares e peritônio, não ocorrendo significativa hemorragia nessas camadas. Em um paciente muar, ocorreu afastamento do peritônio parietal, e em alguns casos (40%) ocorreu pequeno enfisema subcutâneo no pós-cirúrgico. Todos os pacientes apresentaram boa cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica. O trocater modelo AdaptTM mostrou-se eficiente na abordagem laparoscópica em equinos, apresentando segurança em se estabelecer o acesso e versatilidade no emprego de diversos instrumentais.(AU)

Video-otoscopy-guided tympanostomy tube placement for treatment of middle ear effusion.

OBJECTIVE: To describe video-otoscopy-guided tympanostomy tube placement in 12 cavalier King Charles spaniels with middle ear effusion and assess the clinical outcome. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of cavalier King Charles spaniels diagnosed with middle ear effusion and treated with tympanostomy tubes placement between 2012 and 2014 was performed. Outcome was assessed based on a telephone questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty-two tympanostomy tubes were successfully placed in the tympanic membrane in 12 cavalier King Charles spaniels under video-otoscopic guidance using a rigid endoscope and grasping forceps. Follow-up based on an owner questionnaire was available for 11/12 dogs. Subjective improvement in hearing was observed in 9/11 dogs with three dogs achieving normal hearing, according to the owners, and six demonstrating partial improvements. Out of 11 dogs, 10 dogs were reported with improved quality of life. Pruritus of the ears resolved in 3/9 dogs. Clinical signs recurred in four dogs because of tube dislodgement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Video-otoscopic tympanostomy tube placement appeared to be indicated as a treatment for middle ear effusion in cavalier King Charles spaniels. It subjectively improved hearing, pruritus and quality of life in most dogs. The tympanostomy tubes dislodged in some cases, leading to recurrence of clinical signs, which were effectively eliminated by replacement of a fresh tube.

Cistopexia videoassistida em cadela com cistocele após prolapso uterino: relato de caso / Videoassisted cystopexy on a female dog with cystocele after uterine prolapse: a case report

O prolapso de vesícula urinária associado ao prolapso uterino é condição rara em cães e gatos. O tratamento preconizado para essa afecção é o reposicionamento anatômico das estruturas afetadas. No presente relato é descrito o manejo por meio de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia por celiotomia e, após dois dias, cistopexia videoassistida. Essa condição, conforme o conhecimento dos autores, não havia sido previamente descrita. A operação apresentou-se como possibilidade viável de tratamento, sem complicações pós-operatórias.(AU)

The urinary bladder prolapse associated with the uterus is a rare condition on dogs and cats. The recommended treatment is the anatomical repositioning of the affected structures by manual reduction or surgery procedure. The present report describes the management by video-assisted cystopexy two days after conventional ovariohysterectomy. This condition, according to the authors' knowledge, had not been previously described. The operation didn't showed postoperative complications, and presented itself as a viable treatment option.(AU)

Celioscopic liver biopsy in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) / Biópsia hepática celioscópica em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen)

Endosurgery has been used for assessment of fish celomatic cavity, as well as for obtaining biopsies for organic analysis. Such minimally invasive access may also be used for the analysis of environmental impact on biomarkers of pollution. In Brazil, studies and literature regarding the use of celioscopy in fish are sparse. The purpose of the current study was to develop a two-port celioscopy technique to obtain liver biopsy in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Six adult female silver catfish were used. The animals were anesthetized and the inspection of the celomatic cavity were performed using a telescope and celioscopic-guided liver biopsy were taken using laparoscopic Kelly forceps. On the early postoperative period, the animals were released in a confined water reservoir where mortality could be checked. The liver samples were sent for histological assessment. There were no complications during surgery on early postoperative period. It was possible to visualize meticulously several organs (liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, swim bladder, ovaries, bowel and transverse septum). In conclusion, the surgical technique and the anesthetic protocol proposed were suitable to perform liver biopsies in silver catfish and provided low morbidity...

A videocirurgia vem sendo utilizada em avaliações da cavidade celomática de diferentes peixes, bem como na obtenção de biopsias para análises de órgãos. Esse acesso, minimamente invasivo, pode ainda ser empregado no estudo de impactos ambientais, a partir do uso desses animais como bioindicadores de poluentes. No Brasil, poucos são os estudos envolvendo a realização de celioscopia de peixes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, desenvolver uma técnica de videocelioscopia, a partir da utilização de dois portais, na obtenção de biopsia hepática em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). Para o estudo, foram utilizadas seis fêmeas adultas. Após os animais serem anestesiados, realizou-se a inspeção da cavidade celomática com endoscópio de 10mm e 00 para na sequência, realizar a coleta de tecido hepático com pinça de Kelly. Após a recuperação anestésica/cirúrgica, os animais foram liberados em açude que permitia o controle de possíveis óbitos. Todas as amostras de tecido hepático foram encaminhadas a exame histopatológico. Os procedimentos foram realizados sem a ocorrência de complicações trans ou pós-operatórias. Visualizou-se detalhadamente diferentes órgãos e estruturas intracavitárias (fígado, baço, estômago, pâncreas, bexiga natatória, ovários, intestino grosso e septo transverso. Conclui-se que a técnica cirúrgica e o protocolo anestésico proposto são adequadas para a realização de biópsias hepáticas em jundiás e estão associados a diminuta morbidade...

Nefrectomia videolaparoscópica em Graxaim-do-campo (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) com displasia renal / Laparoscopic nephrectomy in Pampas fox (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) with renal dysplasia

Graxains-do-campo habitam o centro-leste da América do Sul, desde o sudeste do Brasil e leste da Bolívia. A displasia renal compreende um espectro de anomalias e é frequentemente relatada em cães de diversas raças, sendo a maioria dos relatos achados de necropsia. A maior parte das doenças renais congênitas nos cães apresenta caráter progressivo, portanto o tratamento é limitado e direcionado a fim de retardar a progressão da doença renal estabelecida. No presente relato é descrita a realização de nefrectomia laparoscópica em graxaim-do-campo (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) com displasia renal. Suspeitou-se de doença no rim direito por meio de ultrassonografia e urografia excretora. Para o procedimento cirúrgico foram utilizados três portais (10, 10, 5mm), endoscópio rígido de 10mm/0(0) e clipes para hemostasia dos vasos renais. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada neste canídeo selvagem foi semelhante à usada em cão doméstico, devido à escassez de relatos em cirurgias em graxaim e a inexistência de descrições de nefrectomia videolaparoscópica em graxaim-do-campo. O animal foi acompanhado por um período de 30 dias pós-cirurgia sem a ocorrência de complicações. O presente relato demonstra que a técnica proposta foi adequada para a realização de nefrectomia videolaparoscópica em Graxaim-do-campo...

Pampas fox (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) inhabits east-central South America, from southern Brazil to eastern Bolivia. The renal dysplasia comprises a spectrum of abnormalities and is often reported in dogs of various breeds; but this disease reports involve mostly necropsy findings. Congenital renal diseases in dogs have a progressive character, so that treatment is limited and directed to retard the disease. This report describes a laparoscopic nephrectomy in pampas fox with renal dysplasia. Right kidney disease was suspected by ultrasound and intravenous urography. For the surgical procedure we used three portal accesses (10, 10, 5mm), rigid endoscope 10mm/0(0) and clips for hemostasis of the renal vessels. Due the absence of reports of laparoscopic nephrectomy in pampas fox and scarcity of surgical techniques for this species, the operative technique used was similar to that used in the domestic dog. The pampas fox was monitored for 30 days after surgery without the occurrence of complications. This report demonstrates that the proposed technique is appropriate to perform laparoscopic nephrectomy in pampas fox...